Ventral Slot Neck Surgery

The ventral slot procedure is a well-established technique in veterinary neurosurgery used to decompress the spinal cord in the neck. During the operation, a small incision is made on the underside of the neck (the ventral approach). The surgeon carefully removes the affected intervertebral disc material and any debris compressing the spinal cord. The goal is to restore normal spinal canal space, relieve pressure, and protect delicate nerves. This approach provides direct and safe access to the ventral (underside) part of the spinal canal, making it particularly effective for cervical disc herniations.

This surgery is most often performed in pets with cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), herniated or protruding discs between the vertebrae in the neck, spinal cord compression causing neck pain, weakness, or wobbly walking, or where there is a loss of limb coordination or lameness in the front legs. In some cases, diagnostic imaging such as CT or MRI is used to locate the exact site of compression before surgery.

At Elizavet, we use high-resolution CT scanning to assess the vertebrae, discs, and surrounding bone structures. CT is excellent for identifying mineralised disc material and planning the surgical approach. However, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) remains the gold standard for diagnosing non-mineralised disc material and spinal cord compression in the neck. If CT does not provide a clear diagnosis, or if neurological signs suggest deeper spinal cord injury, we refer our patients for MRI at one of our trusted specialist centres before surgery. This collaborative approach ensures the most accurate diagnosis and facilitates the safest surgical planning possible.

In most cervical disc cases, removing the herniated material through a ventral slot does not destabilise the spine. However, in some situations, such as large disc removals or multiple affected levels, spinal stabilisation or intervertebral spacers may be required to support the vertebrae and maintain alignment. Stabilisation may involve small plates or screws, bone grafts, cages, or PMMA (bone cement) spacers. These materials help maintain normal spacing between vertebrae and prevent collapse or abnormal motion post-surgery.

As with any spinal surgery, there are potential risks, including bleeding or infection, temporary worsening of neurological signs, limited neurological recovery (in severe spinal cord injury), and implant loosening (if stabilisation is used). The prognosis depends on the severity and duration of spinal cord compression, the presence of pain perception before surgery, and the precision of decompression and quality of post-operative care. When treated promptly, most pets show significant improvement in mobility and comfort within weeks of surgery. Many return to walking normally and regain a good quality of life.

Following surgery, all patients are hospitalised for at least 24 hours, and often longer, for pain control and close monitoring. During this period, we provide intensive nursing care, neurological checks, bladder and mobility assistance, and tailored pain management. Once home, a structured rehabilitation plan is key to long-term success. Physiotherapy may include gentle, controlled movement exercises, supported standing and walking, with a gradual return to normal activity over several weeks. Our team will guide you through every stage of recovery and provide clear home-care instructions.